Optical scanner using plannar reflecting holograms

ABSTRACT

An optical scanner suitable for use with a bar code reader includes a light source for generating a laser beam, a laser beam scanning device, a scanning pattern generating optical system, and a signal light condensing optical system for deflecting scattered signal light scattered by an object to be read to introduce the light to a photo-detector. The scanning pattern generating optical system or signal light condensing optical system includes two reflective holograms disposed substantially in parallel with each other to produce a reflection beam having an angle of reflection which is different from an angle of incidence of the laser beam thereon. The scanner is a miniaturized apparatus as a result of the reflection holograms.

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/451,367,filed Dec. 15, 1989, now abandoned.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to an optical scanner for reading a bar code orthe like making use of a hologram and a laser beam, and moreparticularly to an optical scanner for a POS (point-of-sales) terminal.

One of various types of optical scanners which scan a laser beam inaccordance with a desired pattern is a hologram scanner which employs ahologram disk as a scanning means. Such employment of a hologram disk asa scanning means enables formation of a complicated scanning patternwith a simplified optical system and realization of bar code readershaving a deep reading depth.

A POS bar code reader (POS scanner), which is one of various types ofoptical scanners, moves across a bar code applied to a commodity above areading window to read the bar code information with a laser beam and isconstituted from a laser beam generating light source, a laser beamshaping optical system, a scanning optical system, a signal lightdetecting optical system, a waveform shaping circuit and a bar codesymbol demodulating circuit. A laser beam emitted from a He-Ne laser isshaped into a beam of a suitable diameter by the beam shaping opticalsystem and then scanned to form a universally readable scanning patternby the scanning optical system, and a bar code is irradiated with thescanning pattern. Scattered light reflected from the bar code iscondensed by the signal light detecting optical system, in which signallight is converted into an electric signal by a photo-detector. Theelectric signal is shaped by the signal waveform shaping circuit andthen converted by the bar code symbol demodulating circuit intonumerical values, which are then sent to a POS terminal.

A prior art optical scanner is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,848,862wherein a rotary polygon mirror is employed as a laser beam scanningmeans and strip holograms of the transmission type are employed for areading window. An outline of the prior art optical scanner will befirst described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2A and 2B. Referring first toFIG. 1, a reading window generally denoted at 10 is composed of threetransparent substrates 11, 12 and 13 having strip holograms 11a, 12a and13a, respectively, of the transmission type formed in differentdirections from each other and adhered in layers to each other such thatthe strip holograms 11a, 12a and 13a of the transmission type thereofmay extend in an intersecting relationship to each other. As shown at alower portion of FIG. 1, located below the reading window 10 are ascanning pattern generating mirror means 14 consisting of three sidemirrors 15, 16 and 17, a concave mirror 18 having a through-hole 18aformed therein and having a curved reflecting face on an inner surfacethereof, a bottom mirror 19 disposed in parallel to the reading window10, a photo-detector 20, a mirror 21, and a polygon mirror 23 havingfive reflecting faces and connected to be driven to rotate by a motor22. Such optical parts as listed above are mounted in a predeterminedpositional relationship together with a He-Ne laser tube 24, a beamshaper 25 and a reflecting mirror 26 on a base not shown to generallyconstitute the optical scanner.

Operation of the optical scanner will be described subsequently withreference to FIGS. 2A and 2B. A laser beam emitted from the laser tube24 is first shaped in beam diameter thereof by the beam shaper 25 andthen reflected toward the concave mirror 18 by the reflecting mirror 26.As shown in FIG. 2A, the laser beam 28a reflected by the reflectingmirror 26 passes through the through-hole 18a of the concave mirror 18and is then reflected by a back mirror 27, whereafter it passes throughthe through-hole 18a again and is introduced to the polygon mirror 23.The laser beam 28b is then scanned within a predetermined range inaccordance with an inclination of reflecting faces and rotation of thepolygon mirror 23 so that it makes scanning laser beams 28a and 28dwhich successively scan the three side mirrors 15, 16, and 17. Thescanning laser beams 28c and 28d are projected toward the reading window10 by way of the side mirror 15, 16 or 17 and the bottom mirror 19 tosuccessively scan the three strip holograms 11a, 12a and 13a of thetransmission type which are different in direction from each other. Thelaser beams 28e and 28f diffracted by any of the transmission type stripholograms 11a, 12a and 13a are projected as scanning lines ofpredetermined directions, and a desired scanning pattern is formed bysuch laser beams 28e and 28f.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 2B, signal light from a bar codeaffixed to a commodity is diffracted by the reading window 10 andintroduced to the bottom mirror 19 and then reflected successively bythe bottom mirror 19, side mirror 16 and polygon mirror 23 so that it isintroduced to the concave mirror 18. The scattered light signal iscondensed and reflected by the concave mirror 18 and then introduced byway of the mirror 21 into and detected by the photo-detector 20.

With the optical scanner having such a construction as described above,since a laser beam is projected from the reading window 10 such that aplurality of scanning lines having different directions may intersecteach other in every plane above the reading window 10, no distance isrequired between the reading window and a bar code to be read.Consequently, reduction in thickness of the apparatus can be attained.

However, the optical scanner disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,848,862necessitates three horizontally divided side mirrors incorporated belowthe reading window in order to generate three scanning lines ofdifferent directions above the reading window. Since the two oppositeside ones of the three side mirrors are disposed such that they extendoutwardly of the reading window, the outer profile of the opticalscanner apparatus must be made greater than the size of the readingwindow. Accordingly, the optical scanner is disadvantageous in that theentire apparatus cannot be made compact sufficiently. Besides, since theoptical scanner has a two-story structure wherein the centrally locatedside mirror is disposed on the concave mirror, it is disadvantageous inthat the entire apparatus cannot be reduced in thickness sufficiently.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide anoptical scanner which overcomes such drawbacks of the prior artapparatus as described above and enables attainment of sufficientminiaturization of the apparatus.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided anoptical scanner having a reading window and adapted to produce aplurality of scanning lines on the reading window, which comprises alight source for generating a laser beam; a scanning pattern generatingmeans for scanning the laser beam so as to make a scanning pattern andincluding a plurality of strip holograms of the reflection type disposedcorresponding for diffracting the incident laser beam in differentdirections to produce the plurality of scanning lines on the readingwindow; a photo-detector for detecting scattered signal light scatteredby an object to be read which is positioned in the neighborhood of thereading window; and means for deflecting and condensing the scatteredsignal light to the photo-detector.

Preferably, the scanning means includes a polygon mirror which is drivento rotate around an axis of rotation and which has a plurality ofreflecting faces each adjacent ones of which are disposed at differentangles with respect to the axis of rotation so as to produce theplurality of parallel rows of horizontal scanning lines.

According to another aspect of the present invention, there is providedan optical scanner having a reading window and adapted to produce aplurality of scanning lines on the reading window, which comprises alight source for generating a laser beam; a polygon mirror driven torotate for scanning the laser beam linearly; a scanning patterngenerating means for deflecting the laser beam reflected by the polygonmirror to produce a scanning pattern formed from a plurality of scanninglines on the reading window, the scanning pattern generating meansincluding at least two holograms of the reflection type disposed in aspaced relationship from each other; a photo-detector for detectingscattered signal light scattered by an object to be read which ispositioned in the neighborhood of the reading window; and means fordeflecting and condensing the scattered light to the photo-detector.

Preferably, the scanning pattern generating means includes a planemirror disposed at a central portion thereof, and a pair of holograms ofthe reflection type disposed at the opposite ends of the plane mirror inan opposing relationship to each other and in a substantiallyperpendicular relationship to the plane mirror.

According to a further aspect of the present invention, there isprovided an optical scanner including a light source for generating alaser beam, a polygon mirror driven to rotate for linearly scanning thelaser beam, a reading window, a scanning pattern generating means fordeflecting the laser beam reflected by the polygon mirror to produce ascanning pattern formed from a plurality of scanning lines on thereading window, a photo-detector for detecting scattered signal lightscattered by an object to be read which is positioned in theneighborhood of the reading window, and a light condensing means fordeflecting and condensing the scattered signal light to thephoto-detector: wherein the scanning pattern generating means is formedfrom a plurality of plane mirrors; and the light condensing means and atleast one of the plane mirrors are integrated with each other to form ahologram module of the reflection type.

In place of the construction of the hologram module of the reflectiontype described above, the light condensing means may be constituted froma hologram of the reflection type disposed in a parallel, opposingrelationship to the reading window and having a light condensingfunction. Meanwhile, the scanning pattern generating means may beconstituted from a plurality of holograms of the reflection typedisposed in a parallel, opposing relationship to the reading window.

Alternatively, the scanning pattern generating means may be constitutedfrom a plurality of first holograms of a reflection type disposed in aparallel, opposing relationship to the reading window while the lightcondensing means is constituted from a second hologram of a reflectiontype disposed in a parallel, opposing relationship to the reading windowand having a light condensing function.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention and the manner of realizing them will become more apparent,and the invention itself will best be understood, from a study of thefollowing description and appended claims, with reference had to theattached drawings showing some preferred embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of a conventional optical scannerwherein holograms of the transmission type are used for a readingwindow;

FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic side elevational views illustrating lightpaths in the conventional optical scanner shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view similar to FIG. 1 but showing afirst embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing principal parts of the opticalscanner of the first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic perspective view showing a second embodiment ofthe present invention with a concave mirror omitted;

FIG. 6 is a plan view, partly broken, of the second embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic perspective view, partly broken, of a thirdembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8A is a schematic view illustrating a method of forming a hologramof the reflection type having an ordinary mirror function and a laserbeam condensing function;

FIG. 8B is a schematic view illustrating a method of forming a hologramof the reflection type having a concave mirror function;

FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view, partly broken, of a fourthembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10A is a schematic side elevational view illustrating a light pathof a scanning laser beam in the fourth embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 10B is a schematic side elevational view illustrating light pathsof scattered signal light in the fourth embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view, partly broken, of a fifthembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12A is a schematic side elevational view illustrating a light pathof a scanning laser beam in the fifth embodiment mentioned above;

FIG. 12B is a schematic side elevational view illustrating light pathsof scattered signal light in the fifth embodiment mentioned above;

FIG. 13 is a schematic perspective view, partly broken, of a sixthembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14A is a schematic side elevational view illustrating a light pathof a scanning laser beam in the sixth embodiment mentioned above;

FIG. 14B is a schematic side elevational view illustrating light pathsof scattered signal light in the sixth embodiment mentioned above;

FIG. 15 is a schematic perspective view, partly broken, of a seventhembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a schematic side elevational view illustrating a light pathof a scanning laser beam and another light path of scattered signallight in the seventh embodiment mentioned above;

FIG. 17 is a schematic perspective view, partly broken, of an eighthembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is a side elevational view of the eighth embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 19 is a plan view, partly broken, of the eighth embodiment of thepresent invention showing a relative positional relationship of variouscomponents;

FIG. 20 is a plan view, partly broken, of a ninth embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 21 is a schematic side elevational view of a tenth embodiment ofthe present invention; and

FIG. 22 is a plan view, partly broken, of the tenth embodiment of thepresent invention showing a relative positional relationship of severalcomponents.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described at firstwith reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. Referring first to FIG. 3, a hologram34 of the reflection type for generation of a scanning pattern, aconcave mirror 18 having a through-hole 18a formed therein and having acurved reflecting face, a photo-detector 20, a reflecting mirror 21, apolygon mirror 23' having six reflecting faces and connected to bedriven to rotate by a motor 22, a He-Ne laser tube 24, a beam shaper 25and another reflecting mirror 26 are disposed below a reading window 30in a substantially similar configuration to that of the prior artapparatus shown in FIG. 1. In the optical scanner of the presentembodiment, the scanning pattern generating mirror means 14 constitutedfrom the three mirrors and the bottom mirror 19 of the prior artapparatus shown in FIG. 1 are replaced by the hologram 34 of thereflection type.

A laser beam is emitted from the He-Ne laser tube 24 and then shaped inbeam diameter by the beam shaper 25, whereafter it is reflected towardthe concave mirror 18 by the reflecting mirror 26. The laser beam isfurther reflected by a back mirror not shown disposed behind thethrough-hole 18a of the concave mirror 18 and thus introduced to thepolygon mirror 23' which is being rotated by the motor 22.

The polygon mirror 23' has, for example, 6 reflecting faces, of whichthree adjacent ones are disposed at different angles from each otherwith respect to an axis of rotation of the polygon mirror 23' such thata laser beam B introduced thereto in the same direction may be reflectedtherefrom at somewhat different emergent angles from each other in avertical direction so that it may successively scan, within a range ofthe same deflection angle, strip holograms 35, 36 and 37 provided inthree layers or stages on the hologram 34 of the reflection type.

The reflection type hologram 34 for generation of a scanning pattern isconstituted such that the three strip holograms 35, 36 and 37 of thereflection type having different diffracting directions from each otherare disposed in a vertically overlapping relationship in the samevertical plane, and each of the strip holograms 35, 36 and 37 hasinterference fringes formed therein such that they may diffract ascanning beam introduced thereto from the polygon mirror 23' so as toirradiate the scanning beam upon strip holograms 31a, 32a and 33a of thetransmission type of the reading window 30 from below. In producing ahologram of the reflection type, a reference beam is introduced to oneface of a photographic plate in the same direction with a laser beamwhich is to be used upon reproduction of a hologram while an object beamis introduced to the other face of the photographic plate in such adirection that a desired scanning line may be formed on the readingwindow upon reproduction of the hologram. With the method, a hologram ofthe reflection type having an arbitrary diffraction angle can beproduced.

The reading window 30 is constituted such that three glass plates 31, 32and 33 having thereon the strip holograms 31a, 32a and 33a of thetransmission type having different directions are placed in layers suchthat the strip holograms 31a, 32a and 33a may extend in an intersectingrelationship with each other. The reading window 30 thus diffracts alaser beam introduced thereto in a predetermined direction from below alower face thereof and passes the laser beam therethrough to an upperface thereof so that it may project a scanning laser beam in apredetermined scanning pattern to the upper side of the reading window30. In producing a hologram of the transmission type, an object beam anda reference beam are introduced to a face of a photographic plate in thesame direction of the photographic plate. An arbitrary diffraction anglecan be obtained by changing the irradiating direction of such objectbeam.

Subsequently, an operation of the hologram 34 of the reflection typewhich is a characteristic of the present embodiment will be describedwith reference to FIG. 4. When scanning beams are successivelyirradiated upon the plurality of stages of strip holograms 35, 36 and 37from the polygon mirror 23' which is being driven to rotate by the motor22, the scanning beams are diffracted at different angles from eachother by the strip holograms 35, 36 and 37 so that they scan the readingwindow 30 in a predetermined scanning pattern in such a manner asdescribed below.

In the embodiment shown, when the strip hologram 35 on the upper stageis scanned as along a scanning line 38 by the scanning beam from one ofthe reflecting faces of the polygon mirror 23', the laser beamdiffracted by the strip hologram 35 of the reflection type and reflectedobliquely upwardly scans the strip hologram 31a of the transmission typeof the reading window 30 along a scanning line substantially parallel tothe plane of the hologram 34 of the reflection type. Subsequently, whenthe strip hologram 36 of the reflection type on the middle stage isscanned as along another scanning line 39 by the scanning beam from anext one of the reflecting faces of the polygon mirror 23', the laserbeam is reflected in a somewhat twisted condition by the strip hologram36 of the reflection type so that it scans the inclined strip hologram33a of the transmission type on the reading window 30. Further, when thestrip hologram 37 of the reflection type on the lower stage is scannedas along a further scanning line 40 by the scanning beam reflected by athird reflecting face of the polygon mirror 23', the laser beam isreflected in a reversely twisted condition to that of the case of thescanning beam from the strip hologram 36 on the middle stage describedabove so that it scans the strip hologram 32a of the transmission typeof the reading window 30.

On the other hand, scattered signal light from a bar code passes thelight path reversely to the scanning beam and is thus introduced to thehologram 34 of the reflection type from the reading window 30 so that itis diffracted to the polygon mirror 23' by the hologram 34 of thereflection type. The scattered signal light is further reflected towardthe concave mirror 18 by the polygon mirror 23'. Since the signal lighthas some expansion as different from a scanning beam, it is condensed byand reflected from the concave mirror 18 having a wide reflecting area.The signal light is further reflected by the mirror 21, and thendetected by the photo-detector 20 provided at the position of the focusof the concave mirror 18.

Such construction described above enables elimination of the oppositeside mirrors and the bottom mirror which are necessitated by the priorart apparatus described above, and thus enables attainment ofminiaturization of the entire apparatus.

Subsequently, a second embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6. In the present embodiment,substantially like parts or elements are denoted by like referencecharacters to those of the first embodiment described above, andoverlapping description thereof is omitted herein to avoid redundancy.The present embodiment is characterized in that a scanning patterngenerating mirror means 41 is composed of a plane mirror 42 disposed atthe center and a pair of holograms 43 and 44 of the reflection typedisposed at the opposite ends of the plane mirror 42 in an opposingrelationship to each other perpendicularly to the plane mirror 42.

A laser beam reflected by the polygon mirror 23 at first scans a surfaceof the hologram 43 of the reflection type in the direction indicated bya broken line arrow mark 45 and then scans a surface of the plane mirror42 in the direction indicated by a solid line arrow mark 46, whereafterit scans a surface of the hologram 44 of the reflection type in thedirection indicated by another solid line arrow mark 47.

Here, the hologram 43 of the reflection type has interference fringesformed thereon such that a diffracted beam B1' obtained from the laserbeam B1 which irradiates from a point P1 to another point P2 upon thehologram 43 of the reflection type may scan the reading window 30 from apoint P1' to another point P2'. Meanwhile, the plane mirror 42 isdisposed such that a reflected beam B2' obtained from the laser beam B2which irradiates from a point P3 to another point P4 may scan thereading window 30 from a point P3' to another point P4'. On the otherhand, the hologram 44 of the reflection type has interference fringesformed thereon such that a diffracted beam B3' obtained from the laserbeam B3 which irradiates from a point P5 to another point P6 may scanthe reading window 30 from a point P5' to another point P6'.

Referring to FIG. 6, various parts including a concave mirror 18, thepolygon mirror 23 and the scanning pattern generating mirror means 41are disposed in a housing 48, and a bar code 50a is applied to acommodity 50 at a location above the reading window 30.

Here, a laser beam L1 indicated by a broken line after having beenshaped by a beam shaper not shown is reflected at first by a mirror 26and then by a small mirror 51 provided on the concave mirror 18 and isthus introduced to the polygon mirror 23. Then, the laser beam reflectedby the polygon mirror 23 is either diffracted or reflected by one of thereflection type hologram 43, plane mirror 42 and reflection typehologram 44 which constitute the scanning pattern generating mirrormeans 41 to form laser beams L2. The laser beams L2 are furtherdiffracted by the reading window 30 and are then projected from thereading window 30 as laser beams L3 and scan the bar code 50a of thecommodity 50.

On the other hand, scattered signal light S1 indicated by a broken linefrom the bar code 50a passes the substantially same light path with theincident light but in the reverse direction so that it is introduced tothe concave mirror 18. After the scattered signal light S1 is reflectedby the concave mirror 18, it is focused at a photo-detector not shown sothat the bar code 50a is read by the photo-detector.

With the optical scanner having such a construction as described above,since the scanning pattern generating mirror means 41 is constitutedfrom the holograms 43 and 44 of the reflection type and the plane mirror42 which are disposed in a U-shaped configuration, the apparatus can bereduced in overall size. The plane mirror 42 may be naturally replacedby a hologram of the reflection type.

In the following, a third embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 7, 8A and 8B. In the presentembodiment, substantially like parts or elements are denoted by likereference characters to those of the first embodiment and the prior artdevice of FIG. 1 described above, and overlapping description thereof isomitted herein to avoid redundancy.

The present embodiment has a substantially similar construction to thatof the prior art apparatus shown in FIG. 1 except that the centrallypositioned one 16 of the three mirrors which constitute the scanningpattern generating mirror means 14 of the prior art apparatus shown inFIG. 1 and the concave mirror 18 positioned below the mirror 16 areintegrated into a unitary hologram module 52 of the reflection type.

Referring to FIG. 7, the hologram module 52 of the reflection type isconstituted such that a hologram 54 of the reflection type having apredetermined mirror function is formed on the upper half area of atransparent substrate 53 made of glass or the like while a hologram 55of the reflection type having a predetermined concave mirror function isformed on the lower half area of the transparent substrate 53. A smallplane mirror 56 is mounted at a central location of the hologram 55 ofthe reflection type having a concave mirror function. The hologrammodule 52 of the reflection type is secured to a housing 48 by means ofa pair of fixing members 57.

Subsequently, processes of forming a hologram will be described withreference to FIGS. 8A and 8B. FIG. 8A illustrates an example offormation of a hologram of the reflection type having an ordinary mirrorfunction and a light beam converging function while FIG. 8B illustratesan example of formation of a hologram of the reflection type having aconcave mirror function. In either case, a photosensitive film 58consisting of gelatine mixed with silver and having a thickness ofseveral μm is formed on a transparent substrate 53 made of glass or thelike.

In forming the hologram 54 of the reflection type having a mirrorfunction, a laser beam A1 of a collimated plane wave is irradiatedvertically upon the photosensitive film 58 shown in FIG. 8A whileanother laser beam A2 of a converging spherical wave which converges ata predetermined angle α is irradiated at another predetermined angle βfrom the side of the transparent substrate 53. Subsequently, developingprocessing and fixing processing are performed in accordance with anordinary method to form a hologram film 54 on the photosensitive film58.

With the hologram 54 of the reflection type formed in this manner, alaser beam A3 incident in the same direction with the laser beam A1 isconverted by the hologram film 54a into a diffracted beam A3', whichadvances in the direction of the light path of the laser beam A2. Thus,the diffracted beam A3' is focused at a point P and thereafter advancesrectilinearly. On the other hand, a laser beam which advances reverselyalong the light path of the diffracted beam A3' is diffracted by thehologram film 54a and then advanced reversely along the light path ofthe laser beam A3. Accordingly, the hologram 54 can be provided with afunction as a plane mirror satisfying a predetermined condition bysuitably selecting the converging angle α and the incident angle β ofthe laser beam A2.

Meanwhile, in forming the hologram 55 of the reflection type having aconcave mirror function, a laser beam A1 of a collimated plane wave isirradiated vertically upon the photosensitive film 58 while anotherlaser beam A2 of a spherical wave having a converging angle α isirradiated perpendicularly upon the transparent substrate 53 from theside of the transparent substrate 53 as shown in FIG. 8B. After then,developing and fixing processing is performed in accordance with anordinary method to form a hologram film 55a on the photosensitive film58.

With the hologram 55 of the reflection type formed in this manner, alaser beam A3 incident in the direction of the laser beam A1 describedabove is diffracted by the hologram film 55a into a diffracted beam A3',which then advances along the light path of the laser beam A1 but in thereverse direction and is thus focused at the point P whereafter itadvances straightforwardly. On the other hand, a laser beam whichadvances reversely along the light path of the diffracted laser beam A3'is diffracted by the hologram film 55a and then advances reversely alongthe light path of the laser beam A3. Accordingly, a hologram of thereflection type having a function as a concave mirror having anarbitrary distance to the focal point P can be formed by suitablyselecting the convergent angle α of the laser beam A2.

In the following, light paths in the present embodiment will bedescribed briefly.

A laser beam L1 emitted from a laser tube 24 and shaped to have apredetermined diameter by a beam shaper 25 is reflected at first by amirror 26 and then by the small mirror 56 provided on the hologram 55 ofthe reflection type and is introduced to the polygon mirror 23. Sincethe polygon mirror 23 is being rotated at a high speed, the laser beamintroduced to the polygon mirror 23 from the small mirror 56 andreflected by the polygon mirror 23 is then reflected or diffracted bythe scanning pattern generating mirror 15, reflection type hologram 54or scanning pattern generating mirror 17 while successively scanningsurfaces of them so that it makes laser beams L2 which advance towardthe reading window 30. After then, the laser beams L2 are projected fromthe reading window 30 as diffracted laser beams L3, which scan a barcode 50a of a commodity 50 disposed above the reading window 30.

On the other hand, scattered signal light S1 from the bar code 50aadvances reversely along the substantially same light path with theincident beam and is introduced to the hologram 55 of the reflectiontype having a concave mirror function, and then diffracted light S2 fromthe hologram 55 of the reflection type is condensed by way of a mirror21 to a photo-detector 20 so that the bar code information is read bythe photo-detector 20.

With the optical scanner having such a construction as described above,a scanning pattern generating mirror and a concave mirror which areconventionally required to be adjusted independently of each other arereplaced by the reflection type hologram module 52 having an equivalentfunction. Consequently, assembly of those parts to the housing 48 isfacilitated, and the number of man-hours for adjustment as an entireapparatus can be reduced significantly.

Subsequently, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 9, 10A and 10B. The present embodimentis characterized in that a bottom mirror which is disposed on a bottomof the apparatus in a parallel, opposing relationship to a readingwindow is constructed in an integrated relationship to a hologram of thereflection type having a light converging function. Since suchconstruction eliminates the necessity of a concave mirror which isrequired for the prior art apparatus, miniaturization of the apparatuscan be attained.

Referring to FIG. 9, a bottom optical plate 60 is disposed in parallelto a reading window 30. The bottom optical plate 60 is constituted suchthat a hologram 62 of the reflection type having a predetermineddiffracting function and a predetermined light converging function isadhered to a bottom mirror 61. The hologram 62 of the reflection typehas a through-hole 62a formed therein for passing a laser beam L1 from alaser tube 24 therethrough. While the construction of the othercomponents of the present embodiment is different a little inconfiguration, it is substantially similar to that of the prior artapparatus shown in FIG. 1, and like parts are denoted by like referencenumerals and description thereof is omitted herein to avoid redundancy.

Referring to FIG. 10A, there is shown a laser beam scanning light path.A laser beam L1 emitted from the laser tube 24 passes through thethrough-hole 62a formed in the hologram 62 of the reflection typeconstituting the bottom optical plate 60 and is introduced to thepolygon mirror 23 so that it is scanned by the polygon mirror 23. Afterthen, the laser beam L1 is successively reflected by the scanningpattern generating mirror means 14 and the bottom mirror 61 and thendiffracted by any of strip holograms of the transmission type providedon the reading window 30 to form a beam L3, which then scans a bar code50a applied to a commodity 50.

Referring now to FIG. 10B, there are shown returning signal light paths.Scattered signal light S1 from the bar code 50a is diffracted by thereading window 50a to form signal light S2, which then advancesreversely along the substantially same light path with the incident beamso that it comes to a location near the through-hole 62a of the bottomoptical plate 60. There, since the hologram 62 of the reflection typehaving a light converging function is provided in an area of thelocation to which the signal light S2 comes, the signal light S2 isdiffracted in a predetermined direction. Then, the signal light S2 isfocused to the photo-detector 20 so that information of the bar code 50ais read by the photo-detector 20.

With the optical scanner having such a construction as described above,since the bottom optical plate 60 has functions as a conventional bottommirror and a conventional concave mirror, a concave mirror which isrequired in the prior art apparatus is unnecessary. As a result, theentire apparatus can be constructed with a reduced thickness.

Referring now to FIG. 11, there is shown a fifth embodiment of thepresent invention. The present embodiment is substantially same inconstruction with the fourth embodiment of the present invention exceptthat a plane mirror 63 is provided on a hologram 62 of the reflectiontype. In the present embodiment, since a laser tube 24 and a beam shaper25 can be disposed between a reading window 30 and a bottom opticalplate 60, the entire apparatus can be further reduced comparing with thefourth embodiment.

In the following, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 13, 14A and 14B. The presentembodiment is characterized in that the scanning pattern generatingmirror means 14 of the prior art apparatus shown in FIG. 1 is replacedby a scanning pattern generating hologram 65 composed of three holograms66, 67 and 68 of the reflection type all disposed in parallel to areading window 30. Since the other construction of the presentembodiment is substantially same with the prior art apparatus shown inFIG. 1, like parts are denoted by like reference characters anddescription thereof is omitted herein.

Referring to FIGS. 13 and 14A, paths of a scanning laser beam will bedescribed. A laser beam L1 emitted from a laser tube 24 is at first beamshaped by a beam shaper 25 and then introduced to a rotating polygonmirror 23 by way of a through-hole 18a formed in a concave mirror 18.Since the polygon mirror 23 is being rotated at a high speed, the laserbeam scans, after reflected by the polygon mirror 23, the holograms 66,67 and 68 of the reflection type disposed in parallel to the readingwindow 30 and constituting the scanning pattern generating hologram 65as shown in FIG. 13 successively in the direction indicated by arrowmarks in FIG. 14A. The laser beams L2 diffracted by the scanning patterngenerating hologram 65 are introduced to strip holograms 31a, 32a and33a of the transmission type provided on the reading window 30 and thusdiffracted by the strip holograms to form laser beams L3, which thenscan a bar code 50a applied to a commodity 50.

In the meantime, scattered signal light S1 from the bar code 50a isintroduced to the reading window 30 as shown in FIG. 14B to formdiffracted signal light S2, which advances into the inside of theapparatus. After then, the diffracted signal light S2 advances reverselyalong the substantially same path with the scanning laser beam and isintroduced to the concave mirror 18, and the signal light reflected bythe concave mirror 18 is condensed to the photo-detector 20 so thatinformation of the bar code 50a is read by the photo-detector 20.

With the optical scanner having such a construction as described above,since the scanning pattern generating mirror means of the prior artapparatus shown in FIG. 1 is replaced by the scanning pattern generatinghologram 65 disposed in parallel to the reading window 30, the entireapparatus can be formed with a reduced thickness, and the number ofmanhours for adjustment of an optical axis of the scanning patterngenerating mirror means in the prior art apparatus can be reduced.

FIGS. 15 and 16 show a seventh embodiment of the present invention. Theapparatus of the present embodiment includes all of the components ofthe apparatus of the sixth embodiment described above, and most of thecomponents are adhered to a transparent block 70 in the form of a flatplate formed from an acrylic resin material, glass or the like. Inparticular, a reading window 30 having a plurality of strip holograms ofthe transmission type thereon is adhered to an upper face of the flatplate-formed transparent block 70, and holograms 66, 67 and 68 of thereflection type generally constituting a scanning pattern generatinghologram 65 are adhered to a bottom face of the flat plate-formedtransparent block 70. Meanwhile, a rear face of the transparent block 70is formed into a concave spherical face corresponding to a concavemirror 18, and the concave mirror 18 is adhered to the concave sphericalface portion of the transparent block 70. A pair of cavities 71 and 72are formed at portions of the transparent block 70 at which the polygonmirror 23 and the reflecting mirror 21 are mounted on the transparentblock 70.

Since operation of the present embodiment is similar to that of thesixth embodiment described above, description thereof is omitted herein.With the present embodiment, since most parts constituting the opticalsystem are adhered in an integrated relationship to the transparentblock in the form of a flat plate, there is no necessity of individuallyadjusting optical axes of the individual elements constituting theoptical system, and accordingly, the number of man-hours for assemblycan be reduced.

It has been confirmed that similar effects can be attained even if theconcave mirror 18 is formed, instead of being adhered to the transparentblock 70, as an aluminum film, for example, vapor deposited on theconvex spherical portion of the transparent block 70.

Subsequently, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 17 to 19. The present embodiment issimilar to the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 15 and only different inthat the concave mirror 18 adhered to the rear face of the transparentblock 70 shown in FIG. 15 is replaced by a hologram 75 of the lightcondensing reflection type adhered to a bottom face of a transparentblock 70. The hologram 75 of the light condensing reflection type isconstituted such that a small area portion at a central location thereofmakes an ordinary plane mirror 75a while a hologram 75b of thereflection type having a light converging function and a function ofdiffracting light from a polygon mirror 23 to a predetermined directionis provided on an entire face of the hologram 75 except the portion ofthe plane mirror 75a. Since the other construction is substantiallysimilar to that of the seventh embodiment shown in FIG. 15, descriptionthereof is omitted herein.

A laser beam L1 emitted from a laser tube 24 and shaped to apredetermined beam diameter by a beam shaper 25 is at first introducedto the transparent block 70 and then totally reflected by the planemirror 75a of the hologram 75 of the light condensing reflection type sothat it is introduced to the polygon mirror 23. Since the polygon mirror23 is being rotated at a high speed in the direction indicated by anarrow mark in FIGS. 17 and 19, the reflected beams from the polygonmirror 23 scan the holograms 66, 67 and 68 of the reflection typeconstituting the scanning pattern generating hologram 65 successively inthe direction indicated by arrow marks in FIG. 17. The diffracted beamsL2 from the holograms 66, 67 and 68 of the reflection type are projectedas diffracted scanning beams L3 from a predetermined region of thereading window 30 and scan a bar code 50a of a commodity 50.

On the other hand, scattered signal light S1 in the returning path firstenters the transparent block 70 from the reading window 30 and advancesreversely along the substantially same light path with the scanning beamin the forward path. Thus, the scattered signal light S1 passes throughthe scanning pattern generating hologram 65 and is introduced to thepolygon mirror 23, whereafter it comes to a location around the planemirror portion 75a of the hologram 75 of the light condensing reflectiontype, that is, to a region of the hologram 75b of the reflection typehaving a light converging function. The scattered signal light S1 isdiffracted in the predetermined direction by the hologram 75b of thereflection type and condensed to a photo-detector 20, by whichinformation of the bar code 50a is read.

With the optical scanner of the present embodiment described above,since a concave mirror which is required in the prior art apparatusshown in FIG. 1 is unnecessary, reduction in thickness of the entireapparatus can be attained, and reduction in cost can also be attained.

Referring now to FIG. 20, there is shown a ninth embodiment of thepresent invention. The present embodiment is generally similar inconstruction to the eighth embodiment shown in FIGS. 17 to 19 and onlydifferent in that the hologram 75 of the light condensing reflectiontype of the eighth embodiment is replaced by a hologram 76 of the lightcondensing reflection type which has a small hologram 76a of thereflection type provided at a central portion thereof for diffracting anincident light beam and a hologram 75b of the reflection type disposedaround the hologram 76a of the reflection type and having a lightconverging function similar to that of the eighth embodiment.

With the present embodiment, when the hologram 76a of the reflectiontype for diffracting an incident laser beam is produced, the incidentangle of a laser beam and the emergent angle of a diffracted beam can bechanged freely. Accordingly, if the incident angle of a laser beam andthe emergent angle of a diffracted beam are set suitably, then it ispossible to dispose a beam shaper 25 and a photo-detector 20 in ajuxtaposed relationship to each other as seen from an incident laserbeam indicated by a broken line L1. Since the laser tube 24 and thephoto-detector 20 can thus be installed on a same substrate 77, theentire apparatus can be further reduced in size.

Finally, a tenth embodiment of the present invention will be describedwith reference to FIGS. 21 and 22. The present embodiment issubstantially similar in construction to the eighth embodiment shown inFIGS. 17 to 19 and different in that the hologram 75 of the lightcondensing reflection type is replaced by a hologram 78 of the lightcondensing reflection type which is constituted such that it has ahologram 78a of the transmission type at a central portion thereof forpassing an incident laser beam therethrough and for projectingdiffracted light in a predetermined direction, and a hologram 75b of thereflection type provided around the hologram 78a of the transmissiontype and similar to that of the eighth embodiment.

With the present embodiment, since an incident laser beam L1 mustnecessarily pass through the hologram 78a of the transmission type, alaser tube 24 must be disposed below the hologram 78 of the lightcondensing reflection type, but when the hologram 78a of thetransmission type is formed, the hologram 78a can have a function ofmodifying a shape of a beam. Accordingly, the beam shaper 25 which isrequired in the prior art arrangement is unnecessary, and consequently,reduction in overall size of the apparatus and also in production costcan be attained.

What is claimed is:
 1. An optical scanner having a reading window,comprising:a light source for generating a laser beam; a polygon mirrordriven to rotate for scanning the laser beam linearly; a scanningpattern generating means for deflecting the laser beam reflected by saidpolygon mirror to produce a scanning pattern, said scanning patterngenerating means including at least two holograms of the reflection typedisposed substantially in parallel with each other and in a fixedrelationship with the reading window, each of said two holograms beingadapted to produce a reflection beam having an angle of reflection whichis different from an angle of incidence of the laser beam incidentthereon; a photo-detector positioned to detect light scattered by anobject to be read; and means for deflecting and condensing the scatteredlight to said photo-detector.
 2. An optical scanner according to claim1, wherein said scanning pattern generating means includes a planemirror disposed at a central portion thereof, and a pair of holograms ofthe reflection type disposed at the opposite ends of said plane mirrorin an opposing relationship to each other and in a substantiallyperpendicular relationship to said plane mirror.
 3. An optical scanneraccording to claim 1, wherein said reading window has a plurality ofstrip holograms of the transmission type provided thereon.
 4. In anoptical scanner including a light source for generating a laser beam, apolygon mirror driven to rotate for linearly scanning the laser beam, areading window, a scanning pattern generating means for deflecting thelaser beam reflected by said polygon mirror to produce a scanningpattern, a photo-detector positioned to detect light scattered by anobject to be read, and a light condensing means for deflecting andcondensing the scattered signal light to said photo-detector, theimprovement whereinsaid light condensing means comprises a hologram ofthe reflection type having a fixed relationship with the reading windowand being disposed in a plane that is parallel to and spaced from thereading window and having a light condensing function, said hologrambeing adapted to produce a reflection beam having an angle of reflectionwhich is different from an angle of incidence of the laser beam incidentthereon.
 5. An optical scanner according to claim 4, wherein saidreading window has a plurality of strip holograms of the transmissiontype provided thereon.
 6. An optical scanner according to claim 4,wherein said hologram of the reflection type has a through-hole formedtherein for passing the laser beam from said light source therethroughtoward said polygon mirror.
 7. An optical scanner according to claim 4,wherein said hologram of the reflection type has a plane mirror providedthereon for reflecting the laser beam from said light source toward saidpolygon mirror.
 8. In an optical scanner including a light source forgenerating a laser beam, a polygon mirror driven to rotate for linearlyscanning the laser beam, a reading window, a scanning pattern generatingmeans for deflecting the laser beam reflected by said polygon mirror toproduce a scanning pattern, a photo-detector positioned to detect lightscattered by an object to be read, and a light condensing means fordeflecting and condensing the scattered signal light to saidphoto-detector, the improvement whereinsaid scanning pattern generatingmeans is constituted from a plurality of holograms of the reflectiontype having a fixed relationship with the reading window and beingdisposed in a plane that is parallel to and spaced from the readingwindow, each of said holograms being adapted to produce a reflectionbeam having an angle of reflection which is different from an angle ofincidence of the laser beam incident thereon.
 9. An optical scanneraccording to claim 8, wherein said reading window has a plurality ofstrip holograms of the transmission type provided thereon.
 10. Anoptical scanner according to claim 8, wherein said light condensingmeans is constituted from a concave mirror, and said reading window,said plurality of holograms of the reflection type and said concavemirror are adhered in an integrated relationship to an outer face of atransparent block in the form of a flat plate.
 11. In an optical scannerincluding a light source for generating a laser beam, a polygon mirrordriven to rotate for linearly scanning the laser beam, a reading window,a scanning pattern generating means for deflecting the laser beamreflected by said polygon mirror to produce a scanning pattern, aphoto-detector positioned to detect light scattered by an object to beread, and a light condensing means for deflecting and condensing thescattered signal light to said photo-detector, the improvementwhereinsaid scanning pattern generating means is constituted from aplurality of holograms of a first reflection type having a fixedrelationship with the reading window and being disposed in a plane thatis parallel to and spaced from the reading window while said lightcondensing means is constituted from a hologram of a second reflectiontype disposed in a plane that is parallel to and spaced from the readingwindow and having a light condensing function, each of said hologramsbeing adapted to produce a reflection beam having an angle of reflectionwhich is different from an angle of incidence of the laser beam incidentthereon.
 12. An optical scanner according to claim 11, wherein saidreading window has a plurality of strip holograms of the transmissiontype provided thereon.
 13. An optical scanner according to claim 11,wherein said reading window is adhered to an upper face of a transparentblock in the form of a flat plate while said holograms of the first andsecond reflection types are adhered to a bottom face of said transparentblock.
 14. An optical scanner according to claim 13, wherein a mirrorregion having no light condensing function is provided at a centralportion of said hologram of the second reflection type.
 15. An opticalscanner according to claim 14, wherein said mirror region is constitutedfrom a hologram of the reflection type.
 16. An optical scanner accordingto claim 13, wherein a hologram of the transmission type having no lightcondensing function is provided at a central location of said hologramof the second reflection type.